Indian affairs and treaties
Document 1796General Superintendent of Indian Affairs Benjamin Hawkins describes the Treaty of New York of 1790, the Creek Nation, Indian boundaries, and murders on the frontier.
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Treaty
1 Art. Treaty of New York 1790 confirmed.
2. The line from the Currahe mountains to the head of the main South branch of the Oconee down the middle of the same to be ascertained and marked at such time and in such manner as the President shall direct. On being informed of the determination of the P. the Ind. will send as many of their old chiefs as he may require to see it done.
3. Presid. shall have full power to establish a trading or military post on the South side of the Altamaha on the bluff about one mile above Beard's bluff, or any where from there down the said river on the lands of the Indians, to garrison the same &c — the Indians reserve a band of land therefor of 5 miles square.
4. As soon as the Presid. has determined on marking the line and notified the chiefs a sufficient number of them will attend, and then, should the P. deem it proper, to fix on any place or places adjoining the river on the Indian lands for military or trading posts, that the chiefs who attend there will concur in the same according to the wishes of the P. and annex to each post 5 miles square of land. The land to revert to the Creeks on the abandonment of the posts.
5. Creeks to have notice when the line with Spain is to be run — will furnish 2 principal chiefs & 20 hunters to accompany the persons employed on this business as hunters and guides from the Choctaw country to the head of St. Mary's. The chiefs to receive each ½ dol. pr. day. The hunt' 1/4 dol. pr day and ammunition and a reasonable value for the meat delivered by them for the use of the persons on this service.
6. The meeting at Hopewell between the U.S. & the Cherokees & Chickasaws and at Hobolten between the Chero[kees] &c to mark the boundaries of those tribes of Indians. Creeks relinquish all claims to any lands claimed by the U.S. in conformity with the said treaties.
7. Copies once delivered to the Susp. of the aff. are citizens, & agreed to the treaty of New York.
8. The U.S. gave to the Creeks the value of 6000 doll. [remainder undecipherable]
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Commissioners letter 1 July 1796
Copy of the treaty concluded 29th ulto.
The Creeks came there with a determination not to part with any of their land. This was the result of the whole nation before the representation left it. The commissioners were not apprised of this till some after their answer was given to the commissioners of Georgia.
Find from the present temper of the citizens of Georgia that it is indispensably necessary that the posts and garrisons should be out of the jurisdiction of the State — without this no prospect of peace on the frontiers. The stipulations in the treaty to this end pleasing to them, and the chiefs think, well, when they explain will be so to the whole nation.
"Since signing the treaty several of the chiefs have urged that the President should cause the line to be run as soon as possible.
"They request that the lands around the posts may not be marked, but that the cattle may.
"We have promised that they shall hear from the President in four months.
"The relations of the [strikethrough: in party] persons murdered by Harrison became with the expectations of seeing the murderers executed. The principal chiefs consulted with us [privately], to know what to do and say to the relations of the murdered. They told us yesterday they should expect the advice of the Pres'd. when he sent a man to run the line. And they would in the mean time follow our advice; and then, they would follow his." They urge that the guilty may be punished.
"They solicited us to pay for the property lost at the line, and to direct them to take charge of it and deliver it to the relations of the deceased. We have promised it."
"We explained the line with Spain — yet further explanation will be necessary. They have agreed that this explanation be sent from the Pres. with the plan of trade; and that after he has seen what is done here that he will have the whole explained in their land."
Type
Extract of Letter
Description
General Superintendent of Indian Affairs Benjamin Hawkins describes the Treaty of New York of 1790, the Creek Nation, Indian boundaries, and murders on the frontier.
Date
07/01/1796
Author
Recipient
Repository
Collection
Document number
1796070140601
Page start
1
Notable persons
James McHenry
Benjamin Hawkins
Indians
traders
Creeks
hunters
Choctaw
Cherokee
Chickasaw
commissioners
chiefs
Harrison
murderers
George Washington
Notable locations
Georgia
New York
St. Mary's
Spain
Beards Bluff
Allamaha
Cherokee Nation
Oconee River
Currahee Mountain
trading post
military post
Creek Nation
Choctaw Nation
Holsteen
Chickasaw Nation
posts
garrisons
frontier

