[N°483] A Treaty of Peace, between the United States of America and the Tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chipewas, Putawatimes, & Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, & Kickapoos. A just desire to a distinctions [?] to settle all controversies and to restore harmony and a friendly intercourse between the said United States and the Indian Tribes. Anthony Wayne, Major General, commanding the Army of the United States & as Commissioner, for the prior purposes [above-mentioned, met the chiefs and tribes of Indians, by their sachems, chiefs,] and Warriors, and together at Green Ville, the Head Quarters of the said Army, have agreed on the following Articles, which when ratified by the President with the consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on them and the said Indian Tribes. Article 1^st Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; firmly hereby established [is] a perpetual peace and a friendly intercourse shall take place, between the said United States and Indian Tribes. Article 2^d All prisoners shall in like wise be restored. The Indians prisoners to the United States shall immediately, set at liberty. The people of the United States still remaining prisoners among the Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof to the General, or commanding Officer at Greenville, Fort Wayne, or Fort Defiance; and ten chiefs of the said Tribes shall remain at Greenville as hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall be effected. Article 3^d The general boundary line between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian Tribes, shall begin at the mouth of Cayahoga River & run thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarrawas Branch of the Muskingum, then down that branch to the crossing place above Fort Laurence, thence westerly to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami River running into the Ohio at or near which fork stood Loramies Store, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio & St. Marys River which is a branch of the Miami which runs into Lake Erie; thence a Westerly course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; then South Westerly on a direct line to the Ohio so as to intersect that River opposite the mouth of Kentucke, or Cuttawa River. And in consideration of the peace now established, of the Goods formerly received from the United States — of their [debts] to be delivered, and of the friendly delivery of Goods now stipulated to be made hereafter, and in acknowledgment of the [indemnification] to all countries they have customarily during the Wars. The said Indian Tribes do freely cede & relinquish for ever all their claims to the Lands lying Eastwards and Southwards of the general boundary line now described; and those lands or any part of them, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretense, on the part of the said Tribes, or any of them, of War or injury to the United States. or any of the People thereof. And for the same considerations and as an evidence of their own friendship of the said Indian Tribes of their confidence in the United States, and desire to provide for their accommodation & for that convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the said Indian Tribes do also cede to the United States, the following pieces of Lands, to wit. (1) one piece of Land, six miles square at or near Loramies store, beginning — (2) one piece six miles square at the head of the Navigable Water or landing on the St. Marys River near Girty's Town; (3) one piece six miles square at the head of the Navigable water of the Aupglaze River. (4) one piece six miles square at the confluence of Aupglaze & Miami Rivers, where Fort Defiance now stands. (5) One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the Rivers St. Marys & St. Josephs, where Fort Wayne now stands, or near it. (6) One piece two miles square on the Wabash River, at the foot of the portage, from the mount of the Lake; and about eight miles westward from Fort Wayne. (7) One piece six miles square at the Ouiatenon, or old Wea Town, on the Wabash River. (8) One piece twelve miles square at the British fort on the Miami of the Lake, at the foot of the rapids; (9) one piece six miles square at the mouth of the said River where it empties into [Lake Erie]. (10) One piece six miles square upon Sandusky lake, where a Rattlesnake stood. (11) One piece sixteen miles square at the lower rapids of Sandusky River. (12) The Port of Detroit and all the land to the North, the West, and the South of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English Governments; [and is much more cannot be] annexed to the District of Detroit — [between the Straights on the South Lake St. Claves] on the North and a line the general course of which shall be [twenty-six] distant on the [— —] and Detroit River. (13) The first of Michilimackinac, and all the land to the [Straits] which [had past] there, and the Main land adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts — or grants to the French or English Governments, and a piece of land on the Main to the North of the Island, to measure six miles on Lake Huron, or the straight between Lakes Huron and Michigan and to extend three miles back from the Water of the lake or straight. And also the Island of De Bois Blancs, being an entire and voluntary gift of the Chippewa Nation. (14) One piece of land, six miles square, at the mouth of Chicago River emptying into the S.W. end of Lake Michigan where a fort formerly [has] been. (15) One piece twelve miles square at or near the mouth of the Illinois River emptying into the Mississippi. (16) One piece six miles square at the old Piasas Fort. [Kaskias near the South end of the Illinois Lake] on said Illinois River. And whereas the United States shall think proper to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give notice to the Indian tribes — that the lines are run according to the terms of this treaty — by their Men Chiefs, — — — and that the lines are run according to the terms of this treaty — Article — the said Indian Tribes will allow to the people of the United States, a free passage by land and by Water, as occasion and the case shall demand convenient, thro' their Country, along the chain of posts [above-mentioned] that is to say, from the commencement of the [portage] aforesaid, from the [Garrison] — portage to [St. Marys] — and thence to Fort Wayne, and then from the Miami & Lake Erie again from the commencement of the fort — and and from that place to the Post which shall be taken at or near the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the Lake, and from thence to Detroit; again from the mouth of Chicago, to the commencement of the Portage between that River & the Illinois, and down the Illinois River to the Mississippi; also from Fort Wayne along the portage aforesaid which leads to the Wabash and then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian Tribes will also allow to the People of the United States the free use of the harbours and Mouths of Rivers along the Lake, beginning with the Indian borders for sheltering Vessels and Boats, & liberty to land, their cargoes where necessary for their safety. Article — In consideration of the peace now established and of the cessions and relinquishments of lands made on the preceding Article, by the said Tribes of Indians to to manifest the liberality of the United States, as the most means of rendering this Peace strong & perpetual, the United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian Lands Northwestward of the River Ohio, Eastward of the Mississippi and Northwest to Southwards of the Great Lakes and the Waters running from according to the boundaries here agreed to by the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the Treaty of Peace, made between them in the Year 1783. But from this relinquishment by the United States, the following tracks of land are explicitly excepted. 1. Tract of 150,000 Acres near the rapids of the River Ohio which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use of him & and his Warriors. 2. The Post of St. Vincennes on the River Wabash & the lands adjacent of which the Indian title has been extinguished. 3. The Lands at all other places in possession of the French people & other white settlers, among them, of which the Inmates title has been extinguished, as mentioned in the 3. Article. And 4^th The post of Fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of land so excepted, the said Indians relinquish all the title & claim which they or any of them may have. And for the same considerations & with the same views, as abovementioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indians Tribes, a quantity of Goods to the value of Twenty thousand Dollars, the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge, and henceforward every Year, for ever, the United States will deliver, at some convenient place Northwest of the River Ohio, to the useful Goods, suited to the conveniences of the Indians, of the Value of Nine thousand five hundred Dollars, remaining that value at the first cost of the Goods in the City or place in the United States where they shall be procured. The tribes to which these Goods are to be annually delivered & the proportions in which they are to be delivered, are the following: 1. To the Wyandots, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 2. To the Delawares, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 3. To the Shawanoes, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 4. To the Miamies, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 5. To the Ottawas, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 6. To the Chippewas, the Amount of One thousand Dollars 7. To the Patawatimas, the Amount of One thousand Dollars [8.] [Eel River, Weas, & Kickapoos, &] [West Miamis] the Amount of five hundred Dollars each tribe. Provided, that when of either of the said tribes shall hereafter at any annual delivery of their share of the Goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be furnished in domestic Animals, implements of Husbandry, and other Utensils convenient for them, or in compensation to useful Artisans, who may reside with, or near them, and be employed for their benefit, the same shall at the subsequent annual delivery be furnished accordingly. Article 5^th. To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands relinquished by the United States in the fourth Article, it is now explicitly declared that the meaning of that relinquishment is this. The Indian Tribes who have a right to those lands are quietly to enjoy them; Hunting, Planting and dwelling therein so long as they please without any molestation from the United States; But when those Tribes, or any of them shall be disposed to sell their Lands or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United States, and until such sale, the U. States will protect all the said Indian Tribes, in the quiet enjoyment of their Lands against all Citizens of the United States, and against all other White Persons who intrude upon the same. And the said Indian Tribes again acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the said United States; and no other Power whatever. Article 6^th. If any Citizen of the United States, or any other White Person or persons, shall presume to settle upon the Lands now relinquished by the U. States, such Citizens or other persons shall be out of the protection of the U.S. and the Indian Tribes on whose lands the settlement shall be made, may drive off the Settler, or punish him in such manner as they shall think fit; and such settlements made without the consent of the U. States, will be no expence to them nor to the Indians. The United States shall be at liberty to break them up & remove & punish the settlers as they shall think proper, & enforce that protection of the American Lands herein before stipulated. Article 7^th. The said Tribes of Indians promise to act toward the United States without treachery or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably & offer no injury to the people of the United States. Article 8^th No Trade shall be carried on with the said Indian Tribes and they are hereby cautioned to engage to offer no invitation to such persons with their property as shall be licensed to reside among them, for the purpose of Trade & to their Agents & Servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at any of their Towns or Hunting Camps as a Trader who is not furnished with a license for that purpose under the hand and Seal of the Superintendent of the department Northwest of the Ohio; or such other person as the President of the U. States shall authorize to grant such Licenses, to the end that the said Indians may not be imposed on in their trade. If any licensed Trader shall absent two [undecipherable] days from — proceeding upon a complaint & proof thereof, his License shall be taken from him & he shall be further furnished according to the laws of the United States. And if any person shall introduce himself as a Trader without such license, the said Indians shall take & bring him before the Superintendent & his Deputy, & he shall dealt with according to Law. And to prevent impositions by forged Licenses, the said Indians shall at least once a year give information to the Superintendent or his deputies, of the Names of the Traders among them. Article 9^th That the firm peace & friendship now established Should be accomplished by the intercourse of both people, The United States and the said Indian Tribes agree that for injuries done by Individuals on either side, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead thereof complaint shall be made by the party injured to the other — By the said Indian Tribes, or any of them, to the President of the United States, or the Superintendent by him appointed; and by the Superintendent or other person authorized by the President, to the Principal chiefs of the said Indian tribes, or of the Tribe to which the Offender belongs; and such proper measures shall then be pursued, as shall be necessary to preserve the firm peace and friendship established, until the Legislature, or Great Council of the U. States, shall make equitable provision in the case, to the satisfaction of both parties. Should any Indian Tribes meditate a war against the U. States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the Knowledge of the abovementioned Tribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the General or Officer commanding the Troops of the U. States at the nearest post. Also should any hate will hostile intentions against the United States, or other of them, attempt to take their Country, they will endeavour to prevent the same; and in this manner give Information of their attempt, to the General or Officer commanding as soon as possible; that all causes of mistrust & suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States. In this manner, the United States shall give notice to the said Indian Tribes of any known that may be meditated against them, or either of them that shall come to their knowledge. And do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted. Article 10^th All other treaties heretofore made between the United States and the said Indian Tribes, or any of them since the Security of 1783 between the United States and Great Britain, and that are contrary to the provisions of this treaty, shall hereafter for the same consideration, and assurance become void. In testimony whereof the said Anthony Wayne, and the Sachems, and War Chiefs of the beforementioned Nations and Tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their Seals. Done at Greenville, in the Territory of the United States Northwest of the River Ohio, on the third day of August, One thousand Seven Hundred & Ninety five. In Presence of — H. De Butts [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] Thomas [undecipherable] Jan. [undecipherable] [undecipherable] James [undecipherable] John [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] Francis Anthony Wayne — [Wyandot:] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] (or his [undecipherable]) [his x mark] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] (Captain [undecipherable]) [his x mark] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] (for [Grand Prairie Riays]) [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] (or [Black Bird?]) [his x mark] [undecipherable] [his x mark] [Additional columns of Native signatories with marks, largely undecipherable due to image quality] [undecipherable] ☞ [?] [undecipherable] — 17 [?] [undecipherable] (or [?]) — 386 [?] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] — [?] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] — [?] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [?] — 88 [?] by a mark, ☞ Page Two co. [by the Indians being by] [at Greenville] I Certify the foregoing to be a true copy of the original treaty. Head Quarters Greenville 9 August 1795 J. P. De Butts Secretary [Endorsement on verso, partially legible:] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] [undecipherable]