Recruitment of a Corps for the Service of France
Document 1794Constant Freeman, agent for the War Department in Georgia, writes Secretary Knox on certain persons employed in Georgia to recruit a corps of troops for the service of France with designs toward the invasion of the Spanish Floridas.
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Extract of a Letter from Constant Freeman, Agent for the Department of War in Georgia, to the Secretary of War dated Fort Fidius, 18th April 1794.
"We have been for a long time held in suspense by the different reports which have circulated relatively to certain persons being employed in this State to recruit a corps of troops for the service of France. There cannot now be any doubt remaining upon this subject. Officers have been appointed and are now acting under the authority of the French Republic. Parties of recruits have already marched to the rendezvous appointed for them. Several men of this corps have crossed the Oconee, and encamped opposite to Greensborough. A small party was for some days opposite to the Rock Landing. They have since marched to Carr's Bluff to join with those that had assembled at that places. The general rendezvous we are told is to be on the River St. Mary.
An Agent is appointed to furnishe the supplies, and he has for that purpose received ten thousand dollars. A person who was formerly the Contractor's clerk at this Post, is employed by him to purchase four thousand rations of provisions. He has gone down the country to execute this business.
On the 8th instant a Colonel Carr and Major Williamson came to this garrison. They stayed the day and night with Capt. Martin. They are said to be Officers in the French Legion. This was confirmed by Major Williamson who shewed Capt. Martin a Letter of instructions, which he had received from General Clarke, directing him to repair to Fort Phillips, the Rock Landing and Carr's Bluff, for the purpose of paying to the recruits of the French Legion, an allowance for a mileage from their homes to the places of a rendezvous. He shew Capt. Martin a list of the men whom he had paid, and who are encamped on the other side of the Oconee opposite to Greensborough under the command of the late Lieut. Bird, who is now a Captain in the said Legion. and he also shew Capt. Martin his Saddle-bags, and told him that he had more than a thousand Dollars in them for the purpose abovementioned. and he further informed him that General Clarke would cross the Oconee in ten days from that time to take the command and that Colonel Carr would be one of the Adventurers.
Major Williamson has been employed as Paymaster. Colonel Carr told me that large detachments had marched from the back settlements of a South Carolines and from the State of Kentucky. That the men were to be engaged for three months, and were to receive bounties of Land in the Provinces of East and West Florida and Louisiana which they were to conquer from the Spaniards. That M. Genet is appointed a Major General and is to command in chief, and that measures would be taken to conciliate the Creeks that the Legion might march through their country.
The next day they left this Garrison and proceeded on their journey to Carr's Bluff. That morning a Soldier deserted from Capt. Martin's company, and as it was apprehended he had joined the party of the French Legion then encamped opposite to the Rock Landing, Capt. Martin sent a message to Major Williamson requesting him that the man might be returned. He has received the enclosed letter as an answer, which I have desired him to give me that I might send it to you. This letter confirms what I have abovewritten relatively to Major Williamson being connected with this business.
There are many other persons named as Officers in this new corps, but as it would be rather imprudent to mention them without some evidence of the fact I forbear to send you their names. It appears that the Spanish Government in the Floridas is greatly alarmed at the preparations which are making to invade these Provinces, and the Governor of East Florida has made complaint to the Governor of this State, who has issued his a proclamation dated the fifth of last month forbidding all persons joining with these adventurers or aiding or assisting them in any way whatever.
Although, Sir, you may have been fully informed thro' other channels of the above facts I conceive it highly proper that I should give you such further information therein as is to be obtained in this quarter. It doth not however appear that the Officers of this new Legion make any great progress in the recruiting service, and it is generally believed by the most sensible and orderly inhabitants of this country that the proposed expedition of these adventurers will fail.
M. John S. Gano, of Cincinnati North Western Territory, came through Kentucky, was at Lexington and Frankfort six days and left Lexington on the 8th or 9th of April.
He says that the expedition of General Clark to open the free navigation of the Mississippi which had been suspended apparently for want of money, had again revived, and it was said owing to a supply of money which had arrived by a Frenchman said to be a Major, but whose name the informant does not recollect.
That the Boat builders and other Artificers for the expedition had again recommenced vigoriously their work at the rapids of the Ohio. That some persons of Kentucky who had been appointed Officers had sold their property by auction.
That the measure of the expedition was openly advocated and not opposed by any considerable numbers, but some did speak against it. – That the President's proclamation had been received in Cincinnati but he did not see any of them in Kentucky.
That they had provided some Cannon and ammunition, and Mr. Gano was informed that they were casting more Cannon at the Iron works in Kentucky.
That it was understood that the inhabitants of Lexington had subscribed ammunition.
That M. Charles Smith, of Kentucky, informed Mr. Gano, that he had actually received a commission of a Major – that upon the arrival of the French Major with the money he had received orders to hold himself in readiness to join with his Troops at the Rapids of the Ohio; but having more maturely reflected upon the business, he enclosed his Commission to the said French Major.
Extract of a Letter from Major Henry Gaither, commanding the Federal Troops in Georgia, to the Secretary of War, dated Saint Mary's 13th April 1794.
The French are going on with an expedition against the Floridas
Type
Extract of Letter
Description
Constant Freeman, agent for the War Department in Georgia, writes Secretary Knox on certain persons employed in Georgia to recruit a corps of troops for the service of France with designs toward the invasion of the Spanish Floridas.
Date
04/18/1794
Author
Recipient
Sent from
Fort Fidius
Document number
1794041840101
Page start
1
Notable persons
Henry Knox
Constant Freeman
corps of troops for the service of France
parties of recruits
agent
Contractor's Clerk at this post
Colonel Carr
Major Williamson
Officers in the French Legion
Captain Martin
General Clarke
recruits
Captain Bird
Adventurers
Paymaster
large detachment
the Spaniards
M. Genet
officers in this new corps
Governor of East Florida
Major John S. Gano
boat builders and other artificers
Charles Smith
Notable locations
Fort Fidius
Georgia
the Oconee
Greensborough [Greensboro]
Rock Landing
Carr's Bluff
River St. Mary
Fort Phillips
iron works in Kentucky
provinces of East and West Florida
Louisiana
Cincinnati, North Western territory
Lexington
Frankfort
Rapids of the Ohio
Notable items
authority of the French Republic
rendezvous
supplies
rations
provisions
this garrison
allowance for mileage from their homes
saddle bags
settlements of South Carolina
bounties of land
Spanish government in Florida
proposed expedition of these adventurers
expedition of General Clark
free navigation of the Mississippi
supply of money
President's proclamation
cannon
ammunition

