[copy] [Duplicate.] Creek Treaty — at New York. August 7. 1790. A Treaty of Peace and friendship [undecipherable] President of the United States of America, on the part [undecipherable] said States, and the undersigned Kings, chiefs and Warriors of [the Creek] Nation of Indians, on the part and behalf of the said Nation. The parties being desirous of establishing permanent [and sincere] friendship between the United States and the said [Creek] [Nation,] the citizens and members thereof, and to remove the [causes of] ascertaining their limits, and making other [necessary and] friendly arrangements: The President of the Unit[ed States] [hav]ing [found] it [necessary for] the department of War, whom he [—] with full power for these purposes, by and with the adv[ice and] [con]sent of [—] the United States and the Creek Nation by the [—] [under]signed Kings, chiefs and Warriors in [—] [—] agreed to the following articles. Article 1. There shall be perpetual peace and friendship [between the] citizens of the United States of America, and all the [—] and Tribes of the Upper, [Middle] and Lower Creeks [compri]sing the Creek nation of Indians. Article 2. The undersigned Kings, chiefs and Warriors, for themselves [and all] parts of the Creek nation within the limits of the United States, do [acknow]ledge themselves, and the said parts of the Creek nation to be under the protection of the United States of America and of no other [Sovereign] [whatso] [undecipherable] also [agree] that the said [Creek] [Nation] shall [not make] any treaty with an individual State, or with any [foreign] [power] [—] Artcle 3. The Creek Nation shall deliver as soon as practicable [to the] commanding Officer of the Troops of the United States [at] the Rock Landing on the Oconee River, all Citizens [of the United] States, white Inhabitants or Negroes, who are [in captivity] in any part of the Nation. And if any such pris[oners] should not be so delivered on or before the [—] day, [—] owing the Governor of Georgia may write [to] them [—] the Creek Nation in order to claim and receive such prisoners [and] a negroes — Article 4. [The boun]dary between the Citizens of the United States and the [Creek] Nation is, and shall be, from where the old line strikes [the] Savannah, thence up the said River to [a] place on the [said] branch of the same, commonly called the [Seneca —] east line to be drawn from the Top of the [Oc]um[ulgee —] [and] thence along the said line in a South [west] River; thence to the Top of the Tunahee Mountain, [to the] head or source of the main South branch of the Oconee [River] [to] the Appalachies; thence down the middle of the said main [South] Branch into [such Oconee] to its confluence with the War[rior's path] which forms the River Altamaha; and thence down the [middle of] the said Altamaha to the old line on the said [Oconee] along the said old line to the River S[t. Ma]ry[s] [and] in order to preclude forever all disputes relative to [the] [cour]ses of the main south branch of the [Oconee] River at [the] [pla]ce it shall be intersected by the line [of —] [also] the same, shall be ascertained by an able surveyor on the p[art of the] United States, who shall be appointed by three old [Creeks] [who may] be appoint[ed; one for each] of the [said towns and one of the] chiefs to be appointed [among] the said [Nation] [—] [to] us and which shall [assemble] for this purpose, on or [before] the [first day of] one thousand seven hundred and ninety one, at [the] [Rock Landing on] the said Oconee River, and [thence] proceed to ascertain [the] course of the main South branch of the said River at [the said head] [—] to be intersected by the line [aforesaid] to be drawn from the [said] River. And [in order] that the said boundaries shall [be] [—] [and well] known, it shall be marked by at [least] a [blazed] [line] at [least] [—] [and] [stopped] on each out[standing] [—] to the head or source of the [said] main South [branch] of [the] [Oconee River] and thence down the margin of the main south [branch] [—] for the distance of twenty miles, or as much [as] [is] necessary to mark [distinct]ly the said boundary. [In con]side[r] for all [cedings] of the Creek Nation on any p[art of the] land lying to the [Northwest] and [Southeast] of the boundary [as] [above] described, it is [freely] agreed in addition to the consideration [already] [been] made for the said land, that the United States will cause [certain —] [a certain number] on the State of Georgia to be delivered to the [said] Nation; and the said United States will also cause the sum [of —] [fifteen] [hundred] [and five] hundred dollars to be paid annually to [the said] Nation. And the undersigned Kings, chiefs and Warriors [—] for themselves and the whole Creek Nation [and in] [con]sent for the considerations above mentioned [release,] relinquish and cede all the land to the [northwest] of the boundary herein described — Article 5. The United States solemnly guarantee to the [Creek] Nation, all their Lands within the limits of the United St[ates,] the [North] and [and] Southwest of the boundary describ[ed in the preceding] article. Article 6. "If any Citizen of the United States, or other person [who is] an Indian shall attempt to settle on any of the [Creek] [Lands,] [h]e or she shall forfeit the protect[ion] of the [United States] [and] they may punish him or her [in any manner they please]. Article 7. No [Citizen] or Inhabitants of the United States shall [—] hunt or destroy the game on the Creek Lands nor shall [any] Citizen or Inhabitant go into the Creek [limits] [with]out first obtained from the Governor of some [State] or the Office of the Troops of the United States [command]ing the nearest [military] post on the frontier, or such [other person] as the President of the United States may from time to [time] authorize to grant the same. Article 8. If any Creek Indian or Indians, or person [—] or who shall take refuge in their Nat[ion] [—] [rob]bery, or murder, or other capital crim[e] [against the] Inhabitants of the United States, the Creek[s] [and] the tribe to which such Offender or Offenders may bel[ong —] [to] deliver him or them up to be punished according to [the laws of] the United States. Article 9. If any Citizen or Inhabitant of the United St[ates] or [of] the [ter]rit[orial] [—] division of the United States shall go into [a] Town or [settle in a] Territory belonging to the Creek nation of Indians, and [there] commit, any crime upon or trespass against the person or prop[erty of any] [—] [and] friendly [Indians] and nations, which, if committed [within] the jurisdiction of any state, or within the jurisdiction of the [said —] [that it was] against a Citizen or white Inhabitant[,] that would [ma]ke by the laws of such state or district, such Offens[e —] [against] [the] shall be [subject] to the same punishment and shall be [prose]cu[ted] in the same manner, as if the offense has been committed [in the] jurisdiction of the state or district to which he or they [so of]fending against a Citizen or white Inhabitant [may] [belong]. Article 10. In cases of violence on the persons or property of the [individuals of the States party,] neither retaliation nor reprisal shall be [committed —] [by] the other, until satisfaction shall have been demanded of [the side] [on] which the aggressor is, and shall have been refused. Article 11. The Creeks shall give notice to the Citizens of the United States of any [desi][g]ns which they may [have] or ought to be form[ed —] [to] take or by any person whatsoever, against the peace [and dignity] of the United States. Article 12. That the Creek Nation may be led to a greater [degree of] [c]ivilization, and to become Herdsmen and [Cultivators,] instead of [remaining] as a State of Hunters, the United States will from [time to time] furnish [gratuitously] that the said Nation with useful domestic animals, and [the] implements of husbandry, and justice, to assist in the said Nation in [—] as desirable as possible and at the same time to establish [certain means] of communication, the United States will send such, and as many [—] person is to reside in the said nation as [Attorney] [judge] from [these] [exceeding] four in number, who shall qualify themselves to assist [in the] [in the] purpose. These persons shall have leave to [acquaint] them by the [work] of [—] Cultivation for themselves and their [companions] in Office; but [they] [shall not] [practice] any kind of trade — Article 13. All animosities for past [grievances] shall henceforth cease, and [the] [contracting] parties will carry the foregoing treaty into full [exe]cu[tion] with all good faith and sincerity. Article 14. This treaty shall take effect and be obligatory on the [contracting parties] as soon as the same shall have been ratified by the Presid[ent] of [the] United States with the advice and consent of the United States [Senate]. In Witness of all and every thing herein determ[ined between the] United States of America and the whole Creek Nations, the p[arties] hereunto set their hands and seals, in the [city] of New York, wit[hin the] United States, this seventh day of August One Thousand [seven hundred] and ninety. In [behalf] of the United States. H[—] Secretary of War and sole Commissioner for the Creek Nation of Indians —