[Copy] [Duplicate] Creek Treaty - at New York. August 7. 1790. A Treaty of Peace and Friendship [undecipherable] President of the United States of America, on the part [undecipherable] said States, and the undersigned Kings, Chiefs and Warriors of [the Creek] Nation of Indians, on the part, and behalf of the [undecipherable] Nation. The parties being [desirous] of establishing permanent [undecipherable] [and] friendship between the United States and the said Creek [undecipherable] the citizens and members thereof, and to remove the [undecipherable] of [undecipherable] ascertaining their limits, and making other necessa[ry undecipherable] [friend]ly arrangements: The President of the Unite[d States,] [has] [appointed the] Secretary for the departments of War, whom he [undecipherable] with full power for these purposes, by and with the adv[ice undecipherable] of [the] [S]enate of the United States and the Creek Nation by the [undecipherable] [undecipherable] Kings[,] kings and Warriors [undecipherable] [agreed] to the following articles. Article 1. There shall be perpetual peace and friendship [undecipherable] citizens of the United States of America, and all the [undecipherable] and Tribes of the [U]pper[,] [undecipherable] and Lower Creeks an[d undecipherable] [undecipherable] the Creek nation of Indians. Article 2. The undersigned Kings, chiefs and Warriors for themselves [undecipherable] parts of the Creek nation within the limits of the United States, do [undecipherable] ledge themselves, and the [undecipherable] parts of the Creek nation to be under the protection of the United States of America and of [no other foreign nation] [; and] also d[o agree] that the said [Creek Nation shall not make] any [undecipherable] treaty with an individual state, or with in[dividuals of any State.] Article 3. The Creek Nation shall deliver as soon as practicabl[e] to the commanding Officer of the Troops of the United States [at] [the] Rock Landing on the Oconee River, all citizens [of the United] States, white Inhabitants or Negroes, who are [prisoners in] any part of the[ir] Nation. And if any such pris[oners] should not be so delivered on or before the [first] da[y, the next en-] suing the Governor of Georgia may empower three [undecipherable] to [the] said Nation in order to claim and receive such pris[oners] [a]nd negroes. — Article 4 The boundary between the citizens of the United States and the [Creek] Nation is, and shall be, from where the old line strikes [the River] [S]avannah, thence up the said [River to a] place on the [northern] branch of the same, commonly called the [Keow-] ee[;] east line to be drawn from the top of the [Oconee] [moun-] tain[;] thence along the said line in a South we[st direction to the] River; thence [to] the top of the [Currahee] [M]ountai[n;] [thence to the] head or source of the main South branch of the Oconee [River within] the Appalachin[a;] thence down the middle of the said main [South] [b]ranch [and] [Little] Oconee to its confluence with the [other branch] which forms the River Altamaha; and thence down the [said river] the said Altamaha to the old line on the said [River;] along the said old line to the River S[t. Ma-] [rys] [A]nd in order to preclude forever all disputes relative to [undecipherable] [sou]rce of the main south branch of the [Oconee] [River,] at [undecipherable] [wh]ere it shall be intersected by the line of [latitude] from [undecipherable] the same shall be [ascertained] by an able [surveyor] on the part [of the] United States, who shall be appointed by three old citizens [undecipherable] [may] be appointed [undecipherable] the said [bounds] [a]s [undecipherable] chiefs to be appointed [by] the said Nation and the said [surveyor] [undecipherable] and which shall assemble for this purpose, on [undecipherable] the one thousand seven hundred and ninety one, at [the] Rock La[nd-] [i]ng the said River Oconee, and thence proceed to ascer[tain the] [sou]rce of the main South branch of the said River at [undecipherable] [sh]all be intersected by the line of [latitude] to be drawn from [undecipherable] [the] rain. And in order that the said [bound]ary shall be [well] [known and] [well] known it shall be marked by a [number of] [tall] [undecipherable] trees at leas[t] [t]wo [undecipherable] trees chopped on each side [numbered from] [undecipherable] [t]wenty, to the head or source of the said main South [b]ranch of [the] [Oconee River] and thence down the margin of the main south [undecipherable] [undecipherable] for the distance of twenty miles or as much [as may be] necessary to mark [distinctly] the said boundary. [In con]sideration for all [undecipherable] of the Creek Nation on any part [of] the land lying to the Eastward and Northward of the boundary [herein de-] [sc]ribed, it is hereby agreed in addition to the considerations hereto[fore] [ma]de for the said land, that the United States will cause [certain] [undecipherable] [undecipherable] now on the [undecipherable] side of Georgia to be delivered to the [Creek] [N]ation; and the said United States will also cause the [sum of] [undecipherable] hundred dollars to be paid annually to [the] [N]ation. And the undersigned Kings, chiefs and Warriors do her[eby] for themselves and the whole Creek Na[tion undecipherable] [for the] considerations above mentioned [do] release [and] relinquish and cede, all the land to the northwa[rd and eastward] of the boundary herein describ[ed.] — Article 5. The United [States] solemnly guarantee to the [Creek] Nation all their lands within the limits of the United States to the [East-] ward and Southward of the boundary describ[ed in the preceding] article. Article 6. If any citizen of the United States, or other person [not being] [an] Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the Creek la[nds,] [he] [sho]uld [shall] forfeit the protect[ion] of the United States[,] [and the Indians] may punish him a[s] [they see] fit [and] please. Article 7. No [citizen or] Inhabitant of the United States shal[l be per-] [mitted to] hunt or destroy the game on the Creek lands. Nor shal[l any] citizen [or] Inhabitant [go] into the Creek [t]errito[ry] [with]out first [having] obtained from the Governor of [some State,] [or th]e Officer of the Troops of the United States commandin[g at] the nearest military post on the [frontier,] or [such] [o]ther person [n] as the President of the United States may from time to [time] authority to grant the same. Article 8. If any Creek Indian or Indians or person resi[ding among them] or who shall take refuge in their Na[tion shall rob,] [murder] or other capital crime[s] [against any] Inhabitants of the United States, the Creek [N]ation[,] [t]ribe to which such Offender or Offenders may belo[ng,] [shall] deliver him or them up to be punished according to [the laws of] the United States. Article 9. If any citizen or Inhabitant of the United States, or of [the] [terri-] [t]orial districts of the United States shall go into any [town or settle-] [ment or] Territory belonging to the Creek nation of Indians, a[nd shall] [co]mmit any crime upon or trespass against the person or prop[erty of any] peaceably and friendly Indian and [actions,] which if comm[itted under] the jurisdiction of any [state,] or within the jurisdiction of [the district,] [undecipherable] against a citizen or white Inhabit[ant,] [the undecipherable would be puni-] [sha]ble by the laws of such state or district, such Offens[e or Offender] shall be subject to the same punishment and shall be [prosecuted] in the same manner, as if the offense had been committed [within the] jurisdiction of the [state or] district to which he or they [offended] against a citizen or white Inhabitant thereof. Article 10. In cases of violence on the persons or property of the indi[viduals of either] party, neither retaliation nor reprisal shall be com[menced] [n]either until satisfaction shall have been demanded of the [party to] [w]hich the aggressor is and shall have been refused. Article 11. The [Creek Nation] shall give notice to the citizens of the Unite[d] States [of] [any] designs which they may know or suspect to be form[ed] [in any neighboring tribe] or by any person whatsoever against the peace [and interest] of the United States. Article 12. That the Creek Nation may be led to a [greater degree of] [c]ivilization and to become [Husbandmen] and [c]ultivators [of the earth,] [r]emaining at a State of [Hunters,] the United States will from time to [time] [furnish] gratui[tously] the said Nation with [useful domestic] animals [and] [im]plements of [H]usbandry[,] and [further,] to assist in the said Nation in [every way] as desirable a pursuit and at the same time to establish [a certain mode] of communication, the United States will send [such,] and [as many] persons to assist in the said nation as [they may judge] [proper and not] exceeding [four] in number, who shall qualify themselves to [act as] [in]terpreters. These persons shall have lands assigned them by the [Creek] [N]ation for cultivation for themselves and their successors in office[,] [but] [they] [shall] [not] [be res]trained from any kind of trad[e.] — Article 13. All animosities for past grievances shall henceforth cease, and [the] contracting parties will carry the foregoing treaty into full exe[cution,] with all good faith and sincerity. Article 14. This treaty shall take effect and be obligatory on the cont[racting parties] as soon as the same shall have been ratified by the Presi[dent of] the United States with the advise and consent of the United States [Senate.] In Witness of all and every thing herein determined [and done,] the United States of America and the whole Creek Nations, the [parties have] hereunto set their hands and seals, in the City of New York, with[in the] United States, this seventh day of August One thousand [seven hundred] and ninety. In behalf of the United States. [H. W. Knox,] Secretary of [War] and sole Commissioner for [Indian] Nation of Indians — In behalf of themselves and the whole Creek Nation of [Indians.] Alexander McGillivray - - - - [undecipherable] { Tuskolohe Mico, or Bird Tail King, - - - - - his { Neathlock, or Second Man: - - - - { Hollelomicthle, or Blue Giver, - - - - - Siltle { Opay Mico, or the Singer, - - - - - Tallis[e] { [Fu]ckachajou, or [undecipherable], - - - - Big Tallise { Hoopothle Mico or Tallise King, [undecipherable] { Okatolacta, or Long Site - - - [undecipherable] { Tokolofou, or Young Second Man, - - - - [undecipherable] { Ochechajou, or Aleck [Counsel]. - - - Chuiabie or the great Natchez Warrior - [his] { Watenwachehee or the great Natchez Warriors Brother marks { Thakoloches or the Mole - - - - - { Oquakabie Tustennah or [Big] Lieutenant [his marks] [undecipherable] Whirnabie or Natheus Juleclaulematha or Dry Arm [Lower Indian] { Chiawoithly Mico - - [towns] { [undecipherable] Hopoy or the Measurer [his mark] { Muhlee thoklipen { Stimafatchee or Good Humour [undecipherable] Ailnaloje, or Disputor - [undecipherable] Mumagechee David Francis. Done in presence of [undecipherable] [Chief] Justice of the State of New York[,] Richard [undecipherable] Mayor of the City of New York, Marinus Willet Thomas Lee Shipp[en of] Pennsylvania John Rutledge Jun[ior] Joseph Allen Smith. Henry [undecipherable] [his] Joseph [undecipherable] [Curnell] Interpreter. — marks