Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce
Document 1786Articles of a treaty between the State of Georgia and the "Kings, Head Men, and Warriors" of the Creek Nation. Terms include retribution for the murder of some white settlers, return of property by the Creeks, protection of Creek land, and a system to deal with violations of law. To ensure the treaty, five Creek will stay with the Commissioners.
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[Georgia]
Articles of a Treaty of Peace, Amity &
Commerce concluded near the mouth of
Shoulderbone Creek a branch of the Oconee river
the third day of November in the year of our Lord
one thousand seven hundred & eighty six, & of
the Independence of the United States of America
the eleventh, between the Subscribing Commissioners
in behalf of the State of Georgia of the one part,
& the underwritten Kings, Head Men & warriors in
behalf of the Creek nation on the other, on the
following conditions namely.
Whereas Since the Signing of the last treaty held
at Galphinton, & dated the 12th day of November
one thousand seven hundred & eighty five,
between Commissioners appointed by the said
State & the Kings, Head Men & warriors, of the said
Creek Nation, acts of hostility have been
committed by parties of the Indians on the
inhabitants of the said State in violation of
the said treaty, whereby the friendship
& harmony so essentially necessary to both
parties have been greatly disturbed.
And Whereas the said parties are now mutually
desirous of renewing a treaty which may com-
prehend such articles, as will give satisfaction
to the party injured & restore peace, friendship
& commerce to both. It is therefore covenanted
& agreed First, That the Indians for themselves & the
rest of the Kings & Headmen & warriors of the Creek
nation do promise & engage that six of their
people who were of the parties that murdered
the same number (say six) of the white inhabitants
last Spring shall be put to death in a manner
satisfactory to the person or persons whom his
Hon the Governor or the Commissioners may send to
see it done. And that the white people who were the
means of the said murders being committed,
shall be removed from the nation without delay.
Second. All Negroes, Horses, Cattle & other property
now in the nation, & which were taken from the
inhabitants of Georgia, shall be restored to such
person or persons as his Hon the Governor or the
Commissioners shall direct. All white or free
people in the nation who are held as prisoners
or Slaves, shall also be delivered up to the aforesaid
persons.
Third. If any citizen of this State or other person
or persons shall attempt to settle or run any of
the lands reserved for the Indians for their hunting
grounds, such person or persons may be detained
until the Governor shall be informed thereof
& demand him or them; & then any of the
tribes near such offenders, to come & see the
punishment, according to such laws as now
are or hereafter may be enacted by the said
State for trying such offenders.
Fourth. The punishment of innocent persons under the
idea of retaliation shall not be practised on either side.
Fifth. If any citizen of the State or other white person
or persons, shall commit a robbery or murder or
other capital [strikethrough: crime] offence on any Indian, such offender
shall be delivered up to justice & be tried according
to the laws of the State & due notice of such intended
punishment shall be sent to some one of the tribes.
Sixth. If any Indian shall commit a robbery
or murder or other capital crime on any white
person, such offender shall receive a punishment
adequate to the offence; & due notice of such
intended punishment shall be given to His
Hon the Governor.
Seventh. If the Indians shall know or suspect of
any design of any neighbouring tribes against
the peace or safety of the States they shall make
the same known in the most expeditious manner
to his Hon the Governor —
Eighth. All white persons shall be at liberty & con-
ducted in safety into the settled parts of the State
when they shall require it — except such persons
as shall come under the restrictions founded out
in the third article.
Ninth. The trade with the Indians shall be carried
on as heretofore. And all just debts due by any of
the said Indians to any of the merchants or
traders of the said State shall be fairly & fully paid.
Tenth. The present temporary lines reserved to the
Indians for their hunting grounds shall be agreeable
to the treaties held at Augusta & Galphinton, the
former bearing date the first day of November one
thousand seven hundred & eighty three & the latter
the twelfth day of November one thousand seven
hundred & eighty five every part of which is hereby
fully confirmed. And the said lines shall
be marked as soon as the Indians can possibly
make it convenient to come down & see it
done, the present being their hunting season.
And of their intention of attending for the said purpose, they shall
notify his Hon the Gov— at least one month before their departure
from the nation.
Eleventh. After the aforesaid lines are marked, neither
white persons nor Indians shall be allowed to pass them
without a Special Licence for that purpose — that for a white person to be from under
the hand of his Hon the Governor — & that for a trader or Indian from under the
hand of the agent of the State or his deputy residing in the nation.
Any person of either party who shall
transgress this article shall be detained until the authority to whom
such offender belongs shall be informed thereof.
Twelfth. In proof of their good faith & sincere intentions to perform the
before mentioned articles, & for the security of the inhabitants
of the said State, The Indians agree to leave in the hands of
the Commissioners five of their people, namely Cherockie Mico
of the Cussetas; Chucus Mico of the Cusitans; Suckawrockie
brother to the last named, also of the Cusitans; Eneah Locko,
second man of the Broken Arrow; & Eneah Locko, nephew
of the head man of the Smaglos. The said Indians, during
their stay among the white people shall be provided
with comfortable diet lodging & clothing & be well treated in every
other respect. on the part of the State
Signed Sealed & Delivered
in presence of
John Briggs John Habersham
Dave McElmurphy Abm Rabot
John Graves J. Clements
Jas. Durouzeau James McNeil
Philip Scott John King
Jas. H. Heneuart Ja. Powell
R. O'Neal
Jared Irwin
[additional signatures undecipherable]
Type
Document
Description
Articles of a treaty between the State of Georgia and the "Kings, Head Men, and Warriors" of the Creek Nation. Terms include retribution for the murder of some white settlers, return of property by the Creeks, protection of Creek land, and a system to deal with violations of law. To ensure the treaty, five Creek will stay with the Commissioners.
Date
11/03/1786
Author
Repository
Collection
Document number
1786110390001
Page start
1
Note
Indian Treaty between the Creek Indians and Georgia
Notable persons
Creek Indians
Georgia Commissioners
Kings, Head Men, and Warriors
Creek Nation
Governor of the Commissioners
Negroes
prisoners or slaves
neighboring tribes
white persons
merchants or traders
Cheucoleemico
Cowhatees
Cucheemico Cusseta
Luckawakee
Small Locks
Broken Arrow
Anataliche
Suaglos
Notable locations
Georgia
Oconee River
Galphinton
Augusta
Notable items
treaty
conditions
acts of hostility
violation
friendship and harmony
articles
commerce
murder
put to death
horses
cattle
property
lands reserved for the Indians
hunting grounds
punishment
retaliation
robbery or murder or other capital crime
justice
laws of the state
trade
boundary lines
special license
clothing

