ARTICLES of a TREATY, Concluded at HOPEWELL, on the Keowee, near Seneca old Town, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Martin, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of the United States of America of the one part, and Piomingo, HEAD WARRIOR and FIRST MINISTER of the Chickasaw Nation, Mingatushka; one of the leading Chiefs, and Latopoia, first beloved Man of the said Nation, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of the Chickasaws of the other Part: THE Commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States of America, give peace to the Chicksaw nation, and receive them into the favour and protection of the said States, on the following conditions: Article 1. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chicksaw nation, Shall redress all the [undecipherable], citizens of the United States, to their utmost liberty, if any there be in the Chicksaw nation.—They Shall also release all the negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizens, to each person, in such person, at such time and place, as the commissioners of the United States of America Shall direct. Art. 2. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chickasaws, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and towns of the Chicksaw nation, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whatsoever. Art. 3. The boundary of the lands hereby allotted to the Chicksaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and Shall be the following, viz. Beginning on the edge that divides the waters running into the Cumberland, from those running into the [undecipherable]; at a point in a line that divides the Indians of [undecipherable], Shall follow the [undecipherable] to the mouth of Duck [undecipherable]; thence running westerly along the said ridge, till it Shall Strike the Ohio; thence down the [undecipherable] to [undecipherable]; the[nce] [undecipherable] the [undecipherable] as far as the Chickasaw nation [undecipherable]; thence running [undecipherable], Shall be the lands allotted to the Chickasaws and [undecipherable] to live and hunt on; [undecipherable] to be protected by the United States for the use of the Chickasaws; and [undecipherable] a [undecipherable] of land to be layed out at the lower part of the [undecipherable] shoals, at the mouth of [undecipherable] Shall be appropriated; these lands shall be [undecipherable] for the United States to [undecipherable] the lands aforesaid allotted, Shall be the use and under the [undecipherable] of the United States of America. Art. 4. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, Shall attempt to settle on any of the lands allotted to the Chickasaw nation by this treaty, or Shall wantonly [undecipherable] any [undecipherable] on the Chickasaw nation, Such person Shall [undecipherable]. Art. 5. If any Indian or Indians, or person or persons residing among them, or who Shall take refuge in their nation, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or under their protection, Such Indian or Indians, or Such person, Shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled; Provided that this Shall not extend to [undecipherable], if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen. Art. 6. If any citizen or other subject of the United States of America, or person under their protection, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, Such person Shall [undecipherable] in the same manner; and the commissioners Shall at Such time and place, as the commissioners Shall direct, [undecipherable] practicable, of Such informed punishment, Shall be [undecipherable] over the tribes. Art. 7. It is understood, that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and Shall not be practised on either Side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it Shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and if refusal, then by a declaration of hostilities. Art. 8. For the benefit of the citizens of the United States, and for the prevention of injuries or oppositions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, Shall have the full and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in Such manner as they Shall think proper. Art. 9. Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the eighth article, all traders, citizens of the United States of America, Shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Chickasaws, to trade with them, and they Shall be protected in their persons and property and kindly treated. Art. 10. The Said Indians Shall give notice to the citizens of the United States of America, of any designs which they may know or fear to be formed in any neighbouring tribe, or by any person whatsoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of America. IN WITNESS of all, and every thing herein contained, between the Said States and Chickasaws, We, their underwritten commissioners by virtue of our full powers, have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our Seals to be hereunto affixed. DONE at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six. (Signed) BENJAMIN HAWKINS, (L.S.) AND. PICKENS, (L.S.) JOS. MARTIN, (L.S.) PIOMINGO, MINGATUSHKA, his X mark LATOPIA, () Witnesses: WM. BLOUNT, WM. HAZARD, SAM. TAYLOR, JAMES COLE, Sworn Interpreter. ARTICLES of a TREATY, Concluded at HOPEWELL, on the Keowee, near Seneca Old Town, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Martin, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of the United States of America of the one part; and Yockonahoma, great Medal Chief of Soonacoha, Yockahoopie, leading Chief of Bugroogoloe, Mingohoopoie, leading Chief of Haskooqua, Tobocoh, great Medal Chief of Congetoo, Pooshemastlube, Gorget Captain of Seenayazo, and thirteen small Medal Chiefs of the first Class, twelve Medal and Gorget Captains, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of all the Choctaw Nation of the other part. THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to all the Choctaw nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of America, on the following conditions: Art. 1. The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, Shall redress all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, or Subjects of their allies, to their entire liberty, if any there be in the Choctaw nation. They also Shall release all negroes and other property taken during the late war, from the citizens, to Such person, and at Such time and place, as the commissioners of the United States of America Shall direct. Art. 2. The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and towns, as mentioned in the third article, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whatsoever. Art. 3. The boundary of the lands, hereby allotted to the Choctaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America is, and Shall be the following, viz. Beginning at a point on the thirty-first degree of north latitude, where the eastern boundary of the Natches district Shall touch the same; thence east along the Said thirty-first degree of north latitude, being the Southern boundary of the United States, until it Shall Strike the eastern boundary of the lands on which the Indians of [undecipherable] live and hunt on; the[nce] the eighty-ninth [undecipherable] hundred and eighty-two, which they were under the possession of the King of Great-Britain. Thence northerly along the Said eastern boundary, until it Shall leave the boundary of the Said lands; thence westerly along the Said northern boundary, until it Shall meet the western boundary thereof; thence southerly along the Same to the beginning; a laying and reserving for the establishment of trading posts, [undecipherable] as many acres at each place, as the commissioners of the United States Shall think proper; which posts, and the lands annexed to them, Shall be to the use and under the government of the United States of America. Art. 4. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, Shall attempt to settle on any of the lands allotted to the Choctaw nation by this treaty, or Shall wantonly commit any outrage or violence on the Choctaw nation, Such person Shall be [undecipherable]. Art. 5. If any Indian or Indians, or person residing among them, or who Shall take refuge in their nation, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or other person under their protection, Such Indian or Indians, or Such person, Shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled; Provided, that this Shall not extend to the [undecipherable], if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen. Art. 6. If any citizen or other person not of the nation, or person under their protection, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, Such person Shall be answerable for it in the same manner; and the commissioners of the United States, Shall at Such time and place, as the commissioners Shall direct, and it Shall be practicable, of Such informed punishment, Shall be [undecipherable] over the tribes. Art. 7. It is understood, that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea of collective is unjust, and Shall not be practised on either Side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it Shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and if refusal, then by a declaration of hostilities. Art. 8. For the benefit of the citizens of the United States, and for the prevention of injuries or oppositions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, Shall have the right to regulate the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in Such manner as they Shall think proper. Art. 9. Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the eighth article, all traders, citizens of the United States of America, Shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Choctaw nation, to trade with them, and they Shall be protected in their persons and property and kindly treated. Art. 10. The Said Indians Shall give notice to the citizens of the United States of America, of any designs which they may know or fear to be formed in any neighbouring tribe, or by any person whatsoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of America. Art. 11. The hatchet Shall be forever buried, and the peace given by the United States of America, and friendship re-established between the Said States on the one part, and the Choctaw nation on the other part, Shall be accounted and the contracting parties Shall use their utmost endeavours to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friendship re-established. IN WITNESS of all, and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the Choctaws, we their underwriting commissioners, having our full powers, have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our Seals to be hereunto affixed. DONE at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this third day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand Seven hundred and eighty-Six. (Signed) BENJAMIN HAWKINS, (L.S.) AND. TICKENS, (L.S.) JOS. M[ARTIN], (L.S.) YOKENAHOMA, his X mark () YOCKAHOOPIE, his X mark () MINGOHOOPOIE, his X mark () TOBOCOH, his X mark () POOHEMASTURY, his X mark () TUSCOONOOHOOPOIE, his X mark () SHINSHEMASTUTUY, his X mark () [Signers carried forward.] WOOPAKOOMA, his X mark () [Signers brought forward] YOOPAKOOMA, his X mark () STOONOKOOHOOPOE, his X mark () TEHAKUHBAY, his X mark () POOSHEMASTUBY, his X mark () TUSKKAHOOMOCH, his X mark () TUSHKAHOOMOCH, his X mark () YOSTENOCHHA, his X mark () TOOTFHOOMA, his X mark () TOOHENOHOOMOCH, his X mark () CSHECOOPOOHOÖMOCH, his X mark () STONAKOOHOOPOE, his X mark () TUSHKOHEEGOHTA, his X mark () TESHUHENOCHLOCH, his X mark () POOSHONALTLA, his X mark () OKANCONNOOBA, his X mark () UTOONACHUBAA, his X mark () PANGEKOOLOCH, his X mark () STEAREK, his X mark () TENCTEHENNA, his X mark () TUSHKEMENTAHOCK, his X mark () TUSHTALLAY, his X mark () CSHNAANGCHARBA, his X mark () CUNNOPOIE, his X mark () WM. BLOUNT, JOHN WOODS, SAML. TAYLOR, ROBERT ANDERSON, BENJ. LAWRENCE, JOHN PITCHLYNN, JAMES COLE, } Interpreters