ARTICLES of a TREATY, Concluded at HOPEWELL, on the Keowee, near Seneca old Town, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Martin, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of the United States of America of the one part, and Piomingo, HEAD WARRIOR and FIRST MINISTER of the Chickasaw Nation, Mingatushka; one of the leading Chiefs, and Lataopie, first beloved Man of the said Nation, COMMISSIONERS PLENIPOTENTIARY of the Chickasaws of the other Part: THE commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States of America, give peace to the Chickasaw nation, and receive them into the favour and protection of the said States, on the following conditions. *Article* 1. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chickasaw nation, Shall relieve all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, to their own liberty, if any there be in the Chickasaw nation.—They shall also cause all the negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizens of the United States, to be restituted, to Such persons, at Such time and place, as the commissioners of the United States of America Shall direct. *Art.* 2. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chickasaws, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and the towns of the Chickasaw nation, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other foreign whatsoever. *Art.* 3. The boundary of the lands hereby allotted to the Chickasaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and Shall be the following, viz. Beginning on the edge that divides the waters running into the Cumberland, from their running into the Tennessee, at a point in a line running South-West which Shall Strike the Tennassee, at the mouth of Duck River; thence running westerly along the said ridge, till it Shall Strike the Ohio; thence down the South bank thereof to the Mississippi; thence down the Same to a point from whence a line drawn directly east, if continued the Sill, at the distance of twelve miles. Shall Strike the Chickasaw bluffs; thence a course along the thirteenth of November, one thousand Seven hundred and eighty-Six, laid here and homestead to be directly eastwardly, Shall be the lands allotted to the Chickasaws and Shall draw its line northward, as Shall best accommodate the people of that town, for a farmer's Settlement; but the Said town and the lands appendant, a tract or parcel of land to be laid out at the lower part of the Muscle Shoals, at the mouth of Chico-mahomico Creek, shall be preserved; Shall be laid out not more than four miles in length, and Shall, for the lands annexed thereto, Shall be in the use and under the general use of the United States of America. *Art.* 4. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, Shall attempt to Settle on any of the lands hereby allotted to the Chickasaws to live and hunt on, Such person Shall forfeit the protection of the United States of America, and the Chickasaws may punish him or not as they please. *Art.* 5. If any Indian or Indians, or persons riding among them, or who Shall take the like habituation, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or other person who is at peace with the Said nation, Such offender or offenders Shall be delivered up or otherwise be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled; Provided Such punishment of death be not made, if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen. *Art.* 6. If any citizen or citizens of America, or person under their protection, Shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, Such criminal or criminals Shall be liable to the same punishment as a Citizen who Shall commit the like capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States of America; and the punishment Shall be if called, Shall be the obligation, if practicable, will attend Such time and place and Such punishment, and if it is not practicable, of Such infamous punishment, Shall be fit to Some one of the tribes. *Art.* 7. It is understood, that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea of a collective, is repugnant to liberal principles; therefore the people cannot where the white citizens of this treaty, may provide what it Shall do, provided, Sell by a demand of Justice, and if desired, then by a declaration of hostilities. *Art.* 8. For the benefit and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention of disputes on injuries, on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, Shall be the obligation, for Establishing regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in Such manner as they think proper. *Art.*